Weight-Loss Injections and Pregnancy: Do They Really Help You Get Pregnant?
Semaglutide, tirzepatide and fertility: what studies actually show, when to stop before trying to conceive, and why contraception still matters.
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AMH Test and Ovarian Reserve: What the Number Can and Cannot Tell You
What an AMH result measures, how reliable it is, what a low or high value changes in IVF planning, and what it cannot predict about pregnancy.
Premature ovarian insufficiency: diagnosis, causes, treatment and fertility
Irregular cycles before 40, FSH, AMH, causes, hormone therapy and fertility: understand premature ovarian insufficiency without jumping to conclusions.
ICSI and Birth Defect Risks: What 30+ Years of Medical Evidence Shows
Does ICSI increase the risk of birth defects? Explore 30+ years of pediatric follow-up, sperm genetics, and clinical insights from Dr. Senai Aksoy.
IVF and Age Limits: Realistic Success Rates and Boundaries After 40
IVF after 40, 43 and 45 with your own eggs: ovarian reserve versus egg quality, SART age bands, PGT-A limits, Turkish rules, and when to stop.
Blocked Fallopian Tubes: What Causes Them and What Can Be Done
Why fallopian tubes block, why there are usually no symptoms, how blockage is actually found, and when surgery makes more sense than going straight to IVF.
Hysterosalpingogram (HSG): What the Test Shows and What to Expect
What an HSG test involves, when in your cycle it is done, whether it hurts, and what an abnormal result can — and cannot — tell you.
Pregnancy After Fallopian Tube Removal: What IVF Can and Cannot Do
Whether pregnancy is possible after fallopian tube removal, what IVF changes, whether tubes grow back, and what the evidence says about ovarian reserve.
A Note on ERA Testing: High Cost, Uncertain Benefit
Dr. Senai Aksoy's personal perspective on the ERA test — examining clinical trial evidence, implantation window claims, and true priorities in recurrent failure.
Ovarian PRP & Rejuvenation: Anti-Aging Miracle or Experimental Hope?
Dr. Senai Aksoy's personal perspective on ovarian PRP and exosome therapies — examining biological aging limits and 30 years of clinical observations.
A Note on PGT-A Genetic Screening: When Does It Help, When Is It Marketed?
Dr. Senai Aksoy's personal perspective on PGT-A genetic screening in IVF — distinguishing true clinical indication from technology marketing.
Conceiving After Early Miscarriage: What the Studies Show
What studies and guidelines say about waiting times, pelvic rest, and pregnancy outcomes after early loss.
Choosing an IVF Clinic Abroad: What Actually Matters
A neutral, evidence-based framework for evaluating any IVF or ICSI clinic abroad — lab standards, success-rate reporting, legal eligibility, and cost transparency.
Egg Freezing Abroad: What to Compare Before You Travel
A practical guide to egg freezing abroad: shared monitoring, legal and storage rules, total costs, and Dr. Aksoy's clinical guidance.
How to Plan IVF Abroad Without Rushing the Trip
Plan IVF abroad with a practical checklist covering medical records, clinic and laboratory quality, legal eligibility, total costs, travel and aftercare.
IVF in Europe: What to Compare Across Destinations
Comparing IVF in Europe: legal pathways, laboratory standards, full cost, stay length, and questions to ask before you travel — without ranking countries.
Failed IVF and a Second Medical Opinion: What to Do Next
When to seek a second opinion after IVF failure, which records to bring, and how Dr. Aksoy looks for the step where a previous cycle ran into difficulty.
DHEA and Growth Hormone in IVF: What the Evidence Says
DHEA and growth hormone are frequently promoted for poor ovarian response in IVF. Learn what Cochrane reviews, clinical trials, and Dr. Aksoy's practice show.
Understanding IVF Success Rates: How They Are Measured
IVF success rates are not a single number. Dr. Senai Aksoy explains per-cycle, per-transfer, and cumulative live birth rates, and what truly shapes your odds.
IMSI, PICSI & MACS in IVF: Sperm Selection Evidence Review
Do IMSI, PICSI, or MACS improve IVF live-birth rates? Review trial evidence, ESHRE and HFEA ratings, safety data, and Dr. Senai Aksoy's clinical answers.
PMOS: the new name for PCOS
Why PCOS is now called PMOS, how the two names may appear during the transition, and whether the rename changes an existing diagnosis.
PMOS (formerly PCOS): Diagnosis, Treatment and Fertility
PCOS / PMOS: diagnosis, AMH and ultrasound, metabolic health, letrozole, fertility treatment, pregnancy and safe IVF care — per the 2023 guideline and 2026 rename.
Does Endometriosis Show Up on Ultrasound? A Guide to Ultrasound, MRI and Laparoscopy
Does endometriosis show up on ultrasound? Often yes with the IDEA protocol—but a normal scan does not rule it out. When MRI or laparoscopy still helps, and why fertility plans change the pathway.
Ovarian endometrioma: when to monitor and when to discuss surgery
A patient guide to ovarian endometrioma: when monitoring may be reasonable, when surgery may be discussed, and how cystectomy can affect ovarian reserve before IVF.
Endometriosis and infertility: EFI, surgery, IVF and ovarian reserve
Endometriosis and infertility: the EFI score, cystectomy's effect on AMH, and why routine surgery before IVF isn't recommended.
Treating Endometriosis Pain: Medical and Supportive Options
Evidence-based options for endometriosis pain, including analgesics, hormonal treatment, second-line therapies, supportive care, and fertility planning.
Endometriosis surgery: excision, deep disease and ovarian preservation
When endometriosis surgery is worth discussing, how excision, bowel surgery and ovarian-sparing choices differ, and what that means if you want a pregnancy.
Endometriosis Symptoms: Recognising the Signs and When to Seek Care
Endometriosis symptoms explained: period pain that worsens, pelvic pain, deep pain during sex, bowel or bladder pain, fatigue and trouble conceiving.
Endometriosis: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment and Fertility
Learn how endometriosis is diagnosed, when surgery is needed, how endometriomas affect ovarian reserve, and when IVF may be preferred.
Hyperprolactinemia: High Prolactin Levels in Women
High prolactin does not always mean a prolactinoma. When to repeat the test, when an MRI is needed, how macroprolactin is checked, and what it means for IVF.
How Thick Should the Lining Be for Embryo Transfer?
Is 7 mm the right endometrial thickness before transfer? Dr. Aksoy on the threshold, thin-lining options, timing, and when to investigate.
Varicocele Repair vs IVF/ICSI: When to Consider Repair
When clinical varicocele may warrant repair, and when IVF/ICSI is the more logical path based on semen parameters, female factor, and time available.
EmbryoScope and AI in IVF: What They Can Refine and What They Cannot
Does EmbryoScope or AI improve IVF live-birth rates? Understand the evidence, embryo scores, PGT-A limits and what to ask about extra fees.
CoQ10, Melatonin and NAC for Oocyte Quality: What the Evidence Actually Says
Do CoQ10, melatonin and NAC improve egg quality before IVF? Dr. Aksoy examines clinical trials, ESHRE guidance, and when a limited discussion is reasonable.
Acupuncture and Herbal Remedies in IVF: Helpful or Overstated?
Can acupuncture or herbal remedies improve IVF outcomes? Dr. Aksoy on what the evidence supports, perioperative herbal safety, and what remains uncertain.
Discharge, Itching, or Odor: Yeast Infection or Bacterial Vaginosis?
Discharge, itching, or odor? Dr Senai Aksoy explains how to distinguish a yeast infection from bacterial vaginosis and why testing beats guessing.
Endometrial Scratching Before IVF: Why It Is No Longer a Routine Add-On
Does endometrial scratching help IVF or a frozen embryo transfer? The 2026 Cochrane update, ESHRE advice, and what is known about timing, pain and risks.
Immune Treatments After Failed IVF: What the Evidence Supports
NK tests, intralipids, IVIG and steroids after failed transfers: what current evidence supports—and what it still does not.
Hysteroscopy Before IVF: When It Helps and When It Is Usually Unnecessary
Is a hysteroscopy necessary before IVF? Dr. Senai Aksoy reviews the evidence from Cochrane and ESHRE, explaining when direct cavity inspection is worthwhile.
EmbryoGlue in IVF: What the Evidence Shows and When It Is Not Needed
Does EmbryoGlue work? Cochrane and newer data on live birth, why frozen transfers show no clear benefit, twin risk, and what ESHRE and the HFEA say.
Can Isotretinoin (Accutane) Help Some Men With Non-Obstructive Azoospermia?
Why is isotretinoin studied for non-obstructive azoospermia? Dr. Senai Aksoy reviews the 2025 clinical evidence, response rates, and safety considerations.
IVF Embryo Grading: What 4AA, 3BB, 4BB and 5BC Mean
IVF embryo grading explains what 4AA, 3BB, 5BC, and other grades mean under the microscope, and what a 3BB grade can and cannot tell you about success. Morphology shifts odds but is not a guarantee.
Frozen Embryo Transfer Preparation: Natural, Modified Natural or Programmed Cycle?
Natural, modified natural or programmed (medicated/HRT) frozen embryo transfer? Live birth, pregnancy loss, progesterone timing and pre-eclampsia risk compared.
Vaginal Microbiome and IVF: What Lactobacillus Dominance May Mean for Implantation
What Lactobacillus dominance may mean for IVF, why association is not causation, and why routine vaginal or endometrial microbiome profiling is not recommended.
Micro-TESE for Azoospermia: Can a Second Attempt Work?
When can repeat micro-TESE be considered after a failed attempt? Learn what retrieval rates, genetics, pathology, hormones, and timing may mean.
How Many Eggs Are Usually Enough for IVF?
IVF success is not determined by a single egg count. Learn how retrieved oocytes, age, embryo development and treatment safety fit together.
Fresh vs Frozen Embryo Transfer: Which Fits Your IVF Cycle?
Fresh or frozen embryo transfer: when each fits, why freeze-all is used for safety, and what trials show about live birth and newborn outcomes.
Bleeding After Embryo Transfer: When Spotting Is Common and When to Call
Light spotting can occur after embryo transfer and does not prove success or failure. Dr. Aksoy explains what to monitor and when to seek urgent care.
Limits of Laparoscopic Myomectomy: When Open Surgery May Be Better
Learn how fibroid size, number, location, uterine repair, and surgical expertise shape the choice between laparoscopic and open myomectomy.
IVF Protocols and Medications: How Doctors Choose a Plan
How do doctors choose an IVF protocol? Dr. Senai Aksoy explains the main stimulation plans, medications, and OHSS safety trade-offs.
Hysteroscopy in Female Infertility: Indications, Procedures, and Clinical Evidence
How does hysteroscopy diagnose and treat uterine factors in female infertility? Dr. Senai Aksoy explains key indications, benefits, and guidelines.
Hydrosalpinx: Symptoms, Diagnosis and What to Do Before IVF
Hydrosalpinx is a blocked, fluid-filled fallopian tube. Symptoms, diagnosis, when surgery is advised before IVF, and how Dr. Aksoy decides.
Natural Pregnancy After IVF: Why Spontaneous Conception Still Happens
Can you get pregnant naturally after IVF? Dr. Senai Aksoy explains the scientific data, likelihood factors, and what it means for family planning.
How Many Eggs Do You Really Need to Freeze for a Baby?
How many mature eggs should you freeze for a realistic chance of a baby? Dr. Aksoy explains age-based probability models, cycle planning, and safety margins.
Functional Ovarian Cysts: When to Watch, When to Act
Functional ovarian cysts often go away on their own. Learn what ultrasound shows, when follow-up is needed, and how a cyst may affect IVF planning.
Ways to Improve IVF Success: Evidence-Based Strategies
How to improve IVF success with individualised stimulation, embryo-transfer strategy, and skipping weakly supported add-ons — evidence over one-size-fits-all tips. Not a cost or package guide.
Failed IVF: What to Review Before the Next Cycle
What to review after a failed IVF cycle — ovarian response, fertilisation, embryo development, transfer, uterine factors and selective testing.
IUI with a Partner's Sperm: Who It Helps and What Success Rates Mean
What IUI with a partner's sperm can and cannot do: who it may help, how a cycle works, how age affects the chance of success, and when IVF is discussed.
Male Fertility Supplements: What May Help and What They Cannot Replace
Do male fertility supplements actually work? Dr. Senai Aksoy reviews the scientific evidence on CoQ10, zinc, L-carnitine, and when to seek medical evaluation.
Fibroids and IVF: When Fibroids Matter and When They Do Not
Do fibroids affect IVF? Which fibroids matter, when surgery may help, how long to wait after myomectomy, and whether IVF drugs make fibroids grow.
Letrozole for Fertility: Ovulation Induction and Frozen Embryo Transfer
Letrozole is first-line for inducing ovulation in PCOS. Before a frozen embryo transfer it is one option, not a proven implantation booster.
Repeated IVF Failure and the Immune System: What Is Actually Known?
Do immune factors explain repeated IVF failure? Dr. Aksoy on which tests are discussed and why many treatments remain uncertain.
Hysteroscopic Surgery for Adenomyosis: When It May Help
When hysteroscopic surgery may help selected adenomyosis cases, its limits, and how it fits into fertility-preserving treatment planning.
ERA Test in IVF: History, Evidence, and What NICE, ESHRE, ASRM and HFEA Say Now
How the ERA test developed, what major trials show, and why NICE 2026 advises against endometrial receptivity testing as an embryo-transfer add-on.
Hydrosalpinx Treatment and Infertility
Hydrosalpinx is fluid in a blocked fallopian tube that can lower fertility and IVF success. Dr. Aksoy on symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.
Ovarian PRP: What It Is and Why It Remains Experimental
Ovarian PRP injects platelet-rich plasma into the ovary. Learn what current human studies suggest, what they cannot prove, and why timing matters.
Mobile Phones and Male Fertility: What Evidence Suggests
Current evidence on mobile phone use and male fertility — associations found, confounders, and why phone habits are one piece of a broader evaluation.
Chronic Endometritis and IVF: Silent Inflammation, Biopsy & Treatment
Chronic endometritis is low-grade lining inflammation that may affect implantation. CD138 biopsy, when to test, and antibiotic limits before IVF.
Adenomyosis and IVF: What It Means for Fertility Treatment
How can adenomyosis affect fertility and IVF? Dr. Senai Aksoy explains diagnosis, embryo-transfer planning, GnRH pretreatment and surgery.
IVF Outcomes: What May Help and Where Evidence Is Uncertain
What to review before another IVF cycle: treatment choices, safety, lifestyle, and the limits of evidence for optional tests and add-ons.
Female Infertility and IVF: Causes, Evaluation, and Treatment Planning
What drives female infertility, how the workup is usually built, and when IVF becomes a proportionate next step — based on ASRM and WHO guidance.
After IVF Transfer: What to Do (Two-Week Wait Guide)
After IVF transfer, bed rest has not been shown to help the embryo attach. Activity, progesterone, food, spotting, and when to do the pregnancy test.
Male Infertility and IVF: When IVF Helps and What It Does Not Solve
How male infertility is evaluated, when IVF or ICSI may help, and why treatment should be based on the specific sperm, hormonal, genetic, or obstructive cause.
Frozen Embryos in IVF: When Freezing Helps and What the Tradeoffs Are
Understand how embryo freezing works, when a freeze-all cycle improves IVF outcomes, and the clinical tradeoffs between fresh and frozen transfers.
Embryo Transfer in IVF: What Matters Most for Success
How is embryo transfer performed? Dr. Aksoy explains key success factors — embryo quality, endometrial readiness, ultrasound guidance, and transfer timing.
Conventional IVF, ICSI, and Natural-Cycle IVF: How They Differ
Conventional IVF, ICSI, and natural-cycle IVF differ in fertilization method, ovarian stimulation, medication burden, and expected egg yield. Dr. Aksoy explains how doctors choose.
Can Preimplantation Genetic Testing Be Used for Sex Selection?
Can PGT show an embryo's sex? Dr. Senai Aksoy explains when sex can matter medically and why choosing a sex for personal preference is prohibited in Turkey.
How Hysteroscopy Can Help Fertility in Selected Patients
Learn how hysteroscopy evaluates and treats intrauterine polyps, fibroids, adhesions, and septa in selected patients, and when routine testing is unnecessary.
Who May Need Hysteroscopy and When It Is Most Useful
When hysteroscopy is indicated for polyps, fibroids, adhesions, or congenital anomalies, and when it is not routine.
Laparoscopy vs Open Surgery: Differences, Risks and Fertility
Compare laparoscopy and open gynecologic surgery, including recovery, risks, ovarian reserve, endometrioma, fibroids and IVF timing.
Egg and Sperm Donation: Medical Indications, Screening, and Legal Frameworks
When is egg or sperm donation medically considered? Dr. Senai Aksoy explains international screening guidelines, clinical indications, and Turkish legal regulations.
What Is a Polyp in the Uterus?
What is a uterine (endometrial) polyp? Dr. Senai Aksoy explains symptoms, causes, diagnosis, hysteroscopic removal, and when polyps affect IVF and fertility.
IVF Success Over Time: Why More Than One Cycle Can Matter
Why one IVF cycle doesn't give a final verdict. Dr. Aksoy explains cumulative success rates, realistic multi-cycle expectations, and when to adjust plans.
IVF for Ovulation Disorders (PCOS / PMOS): When to Consider It
When IVF may be considered for ovulation disorders (PCOS / PMOS and hypothalamic amenorrhea), how protocols are individualised, and how OHSS risk is managed.
Stem Cells for Fertility: Why Treatment Remains Experimental
What human studies show about stem cells for ovarian insufficiency, thin endometrium and Asherman syndrome—and why use remains experimental.
Egg Freezing: Best Age, Success Rates, and How Many Eggs Matter
Egg freezing success by age: live birth in 52% of women who froze at 35 or younger vs 19% at 40+, among those who used their eggs. Dr. Aksoy explains.
Uterine Fibroids and Fertility: Which Fibroids Matter Most
Learn which uterine fibroids actually affect fertility, how location and size shape the decision before pregnancy or IVF, and what current evidence supports.
Chemical Pregnancy: When It Happens and What Comes Next
A chemical pregnancy is a very early loss detected by hCG before ultrasound confirmation. Learn how it is followed and when further evaluation may help.
Can You Have a Vaginal Birth After IVF?
Can you have a vaginal birth after IVF? Dr. Aksoy explains which obstetric factors matter more than how conception started.
Exosomes for Ovarian Rejuvenation: Why the Idea Is Still Experimental
Learn what exosomes are, why they are being studied for ovarian aging, and why exosome-based ovarian rejuvenation is still experimental.
What Most Influences IVF Success?
Age, ovarian response, embryos, sperm, uterus, and treatment fit: what the evidence actually says about IVF outcomes, clinic rates, and add-ons.
PGT-M Explained: Single-Gene Testing Before Embryo Transfer
PGT-M combines IVF, blastocyst biopsy, and DNA testing for a known familial variant. This guide explains who it may help, how preparation works, and its limits.
Improving Sperm Quality: What Can Help and When to Seek Care
How can you improve sperm quality? Explore modifiable lifestyle factors, the roughly three-month sperm-production cycle, supplements, and clinical evaluation with Dr. Senai Aksoy.
Unexplained Infertility: What the Diagnosis Means and What Usually Comes Next
What unexplained infertility means and how age, prognosis and prior treatment guide expectant management, stimulated IUI or IVF.
What Changes the Total Cost of IVF?
Learn which medical, laboratory, freezing, transfer, and travel items can change the total cost of IVF and how to compare written quotes.
Beta Levels at 4 Weeks After IVF: Reading the First Test
What do beta levels at 4 weeks after IVF mean? Why one number is not enough, how the 48-hour change is read, and when ultrasound takes over.
Ovarian Stimulation in IVF: Protocols, Timeline, and Safety
How ovarian stimulation works in IVF: protocol selection, monitoring timeline, medication roles, and preventing OHSS to obtain mature, usable eggs safely.
Can You Have Twins With IVF? Risks and Safer Transfer Plans
Twins can happen after IVF. Dr. Aksoy explains the extra maternal and neonatal risks, and why one embryo is usually the safer transfer plan.
Day 5 Embryo Transfer vs Day 3: How Timing Is Chosen
Day 5 embryo (blastocyst) transfer is common in modern IVF, but day 3 still has a role. Learn how doctors choose transfer timing, freeze-all, and PGT planning.
IVF Risks and Practical Considerations: What Patients Should Know
A balanced, guideline-backed guide to IVF risks: OHSS, egg retrieval, multiple pregnancy, long-term cancer questions, warning signs, and prevention.
IVF Failure: Common Causes and What They Mean for Next Steps
Why an IVF cycle can stop at different stages, what one negative result can and cannot prove, and how a structured cycle review guides next steps.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Fertility Risks
PID can be mild or silent and still scar the fallopian tubes. How it is recognised, why treatment should not wait, and what that means for fertility.
Vaginitis and Vaginal Flora: What Is Normal and When to Seek Care
A patient-friendly guide to normal vaginal flora, bacterial vaginosis, yeast infection, and when symptoms or an altered lab result need medical assessment.
Egg Retrieval Pain Control: Sedation, Anesthesia, and How Clinics Choose
Sedation vs general anesthesia for egg retrieval: comfort, safety, propofol and IVF outcomes, and the questions to ask before oocyte pickup.